how to raise turkeys in your backyard

3 min read 24-01-2025

Meta Description: Learn how to successfully raise turkeys in your backyard! This comprehensive guide covers breeds, housing, feeding, health, and more. From choosing the right poults to preparing for harvest, we'll equip you with the knowledge for a rewarding experience. Get ready for fresh, homegrown turkey!

Choosing Your Flock: Turkey Breeds for Backyard Raising

The first step in your backyard turkey raising adventure is selecting the right breed. Not all turkeys are created equal! Some breeds are better suited for small spaces and backyard environments than others. Consider these factors:

Size: Larger breeds like Broad Breasted Whites require more space and feed. Smaller breeds, like Bourbon Reds or Narragansetts, are more manageable in a backyard setting.
Temperament: Some breeds are known for being more docile and easier to handle than others. Research breeds known for their calm demeanor if you're a beginner.
Hardiness: Consider your climate and choose a breed known for its ability to withstand local weather conditions.

Popular Backyard Turkey Breeds:

Bourbon Red: Beautiful reddish-brown plumage, relatively docile.
Narragansett: A heritage breed known for its bronze and black plumage, friendly disposition.
Royal Palm: Striking black and white plumage, known for excellent meat quality.
Standard Bronze: A heritage breed known for its hardiness and large size (requires more space).

Remember to research individual breeds thoroughly to find the perfect fit for your backyard and experience level.

Housing Your Turkeys: Building a Safe and Comfortable Environment

Providing proper housing is crucial for your turkeys' health and well-being. They need protection from predators, harsh weather, and parasites.

Essential Housing Features:

Predator-Proof Enclosure: This is paramount. Coyotes, raccoons, foxes, and even dogs can be a threat. Use sturdy wire mesh, at least 1-inch square, buried at least 1 foot deep to prevent digging.
Shelter from the Elements: Your turkeys need protection from both extreme heat and cold. A simple three-sided structure with a roof provides shade in the summer and shelter from rain and snow in the winter.
Adequate Space: Overcrowding can lead to stress, disease, and pecking order problems. Allow at least 4-6 square feet per turkey.
Ventilation: Good airflow helps prevent the buildup of ammonia and other harmful gases.
Cleanliness: Regular cleaning of the coop and run is crucial to prevent the spread of disease.

Feeding Your Flock: A Nutritional Plan for Healthy Turkeys

Proper nutrition is vital for healthy growth and meat production. Your turkeys' diet should consist of a balanced mix of commercial turkey feed and supplemental foods.

Turkey Feed:

Starter Feed (0-8 weeks): High in protein, crucial for growth.
Grower Feed (8-16 weeks): Slightly lower in protein than starter feed.
Finisher Feed (16 weeks and older): Supports meat production.

Always follow the feed manufacturer's instructions regarding the amount to feed based on your turkeys' age and weight.

Supplemental Foods:

Fresh greens: Kale, spinach, and other leafy greens provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Fruits and vegetables: Offer small amounts of fruits and vegetables as treats, but avoid anything that could cause digestive upset. (Avoid avocados!)
Grit: Essential for proper digestion.

Keeping Your Turkeys Healthy: Prevention and Treatment

Preventing disease is key to raising healthy turkeys. Good sanitation practices, proper nutrition, and regular observation are crucial.

Common Turkey Health Issues:

Blackhead: A protozoal disease that can be fatal. Proper sanitation and management are critical.
Hexamita: A parasitic infection affecting the digestive tract.
Coccidiosis: A parasitic disease that can cause diarrhea and dehydration.

Preventative Measures:

Regular cleaning: Maintain a clean coop and run to prevent the build-up of pathogens.
Vaccination: Consult with your veterinarian regarding vaccination protocols.
Biosecurity: Prevent the introduction of diseases by limiting contact with other poultry.
Observe Daily: Monitor your turkeys daily for any signs of illness.

Harvesting Your Homegrown Turkeys

When your turkeys reach market weight (usually around 16-20 weeks), it's time for harvesting. This is a process that requires careful planning and execution. Consider having a butcher process your birds if you are uncomfortable with this process.

Frequently Asked Questions about Backyard Turkey Raising

Q: How much space do turkeys need?

A: At a minimum, you'll need 4-6 square feet per turkey. More space is always better, especially for larger breeds.

Q: How much does it cost to raise turkeys?

A: The cost varies depending on several factors, including the breed of turkey, feed costs, and any additional expenses for housing and equipment. Research thoroughly before beginning!

Q: What are the biggest challenges of raising turkeys in a backyard?

A: Predators are a significant challenge. You'll also need to be diligent about disease prevention and sanitation. Time commitment is also a factor.

Q: Are turkeys difficult to raise?

A: With proper planning and preparation, raising turkeys in your backyard can be a rewarding experience. It does require some work and commitment. Research specific needs of your chosen breed.

This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for your backyard turkey-raising journey. Remember that research and preparation are key to success. Happy raising!