how to grow perilla

3 min read 24-01-2025

Perilla ( Perilla frutescens), also known as shiso, is a fragrant annual herb prized for its culinary and medicinal uses. Its vibrant purple or green leaves add a unique flavor to dishes, while its purported health benefits add to its appeal. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about successfully growing perilla in your garden.

Getting Started: Sowing Perilla Seeds

Choosing the Right Seeds and Location

Sunlight: Perilla thrives in full sun to partial shade. At least six hours of sunlight per day is ideal, but some afternoon shade can be beneficial in particularly hot climates.

Soil: Well-drained soil is crucial. Perilla prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). Amend heavy clay soils with compost to improve drainage.

Seed Starting: Starting perilla seeds indoors, 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost, is recommended, especially in cooler climates. This gives the plants a head start.

Seeds: Choose high-quality seeds from a reputable source. You'll find a variety of cultivars offering different leaf colors and flavors.
Starting Mix: Use a seed-starting mix, not garden soil. It provides better drainage and aeration.
Planting: Sow seeds about ¼ inch deep and keep the soil moist but not soggy.

Transplanting Seedlings

Once seedlings have several true leaves (2-3 inches tall), they're ready for transplanting outdoors. This usually happens after the last frost, when the soil has warmed.

Hardening Off: Gradually acclimate seedlings to outdoor conditions over a week before transplanting. This reduces transplant shock.
Spacing: Space plants 12-18 inches apart to allow for adequate growth. Crowded plants are more prone to disease.
Planting Depth: Transplant at the same depth they were growing in the seed trays.

Perilla Care: Nurturing Your Plants

Watering

Consistent watering is important, especially during dry spells. Aim for moist but not waterlogged soil. Overwatering can lead to root rot.

Fertilizing

Perilla is not a heavy feeder. A light application of balanced fertilizer early in the season is usually sufficient. Over-fertilizing can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flavor.

Pest and Disease Control

Perilla is generally pest-resistant. However, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites can sometimes be a problem. Monitor your plants regularly and address infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Good air circulation around plants helps prevent fungal diseases.

Harvesting and Preserving Perilla

When to Harvest

Harvest perilla leaves when they're young and tender for the best flavor. You can begin harvesting as soon as the plants are large enough. Continuous harvesting encourages bushier growth.

Harvesting Methods

Selective Harvesting: Pinch or cut individual leaves as needed.
Bulk Harvesting: Cut entire stems back, leaving a few inches above the soil line. New growth will emerge.

Preserving Perilla

Freezing: Wash and dry leaves thoroughly. Blanch for 30 seconds in boiling water, then immediately plunge into ice water to stop cooking. Freeze in airtight containers.
Drying: Hang stems upside down in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated area until leaves are completely dry and brittle. Store in airtight containers.

Common Perilla Problems and Solutions

Problem: Leggy seedlings.

Solution: Ensure adequate light. Supplemental grow lights may be necessary indoors.

Problem: Yellowing leaves.

Solution: Check for nutrient deficiencies or overwatering.

Problem: Pest infestations.

Solution: Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Frequently Asked Questions about Growing Perilla

Q: How long does it take for perilla to grow?

A: Perilla is a fast-growing plant. You can expect to harvest leaves within 8-10 weeks of sowing seeds, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.

Q: Can I grow perilla in containers?

A: Yes, perilla grows well in containers. Choose a pot that's at least 12 inches in diameter to allow for adequate root development.

Q: Is perilla invasive?

A: Perilla is an annual, so it won't spread aggressively like some perennial plants. However, it can self-seed readily if allowed to go to seed.

By following this comprehensive guide, you'll be well on your way to enjoying a bountiful harvest of delicious and fragrant perilla. Remember to observe your plants, adjust your care as needed, and enjoy the fruits (or rather, leaves!) of your labor.