how to fix hot and ground reversed

Daniel Parker

3 min read

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19-01-2025

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A reversed hot and ground outlet is a serious electrical hazard. It can lead to electric shock, equipment damage, and even fires. This article explains how to identify and safely correct a hot and ground reversal. Remember, if you're uncomfortable working with electricity, call a qualified electrician.

Identifying a Hot and Ground Reversal

Before you start, turn off the power to the outlet at the breaker box. This is crucial for your safety.

Several methods can help you identify a reversed hot and ground:

1. Using a Non-Contact Voltage Tester:

• This is the simplest method. A non-contact voltage tester will light up when it's near a live wire. Test both outlets. If the tester lights up when near the ground terminal (typically the larger, round hole or the green screw), you have a reversal.

2. Using a Voltage Tester and Multimeter:

• Turn the breaker back on. Exercise extreme caution.
• Using a voltage tester and multimeter (set to AC voltage), test the voltage between each outlet terminal and a known ground (like a metal pipe or grounded fixture).
• A significant voltage reading between the ground terminal and your ground reference point indicates a reversal. The voltage reading between the hot terminal and ground should be close to your nominal voltage (120V in North America).

3. Visual Inspection (Less Reliable):

• While less reliable, sometimes you might see loose or improperly wired connections. This is less likely to reveal a hot and ground reversal, but if you're already inspecting, look for this. Do not touch any wires without the power completely off.

Correcting a Hot and Ground Reversal

Once you've confirmed a reversal, here's how to fix it:

1. Turn Off the Power: Absolutely crucial! Turn off the breaker supplying power to the outlet.

2. Remove the Outlet Cover Plate: Unscrew and remove the cover plate.

3. Remove the Outlet: Carefully unscrew the outlet from the electrical box.

4. Identify the Wires: You'll typically see three wires:

• Black (Hot): Carries the electrical current.
• White (Neutral): Returns the current.
• Bare Copper or Green (Ground): Provides a path for fault currents to earth.

5. Correct the Wiring: The reversal means the hot (black) and ground (bare copper/green) wires are swapped. Carefully disconnect the wires. Reconnect them correctly:

• Black wire to the brass screw (hot).
• White wire to the silver screw (neutral).
• Bare copper/green wire to the green screw (ground).

6. Secure the Connections: Tighten all screw connections firmly.

7. Test Before Reconnecting: Before reinstalling the outlet, use your voltage tester to check that the hot and ground are correctly wired.

8. Reinstall the Outlet: Carefully put the outlet back into the electrical box and secure it with screws.

9. Replace the Cover Plate: Replace the cover plate.

10. Turn the Power Back On: Turn the breaker back on. Retest the outlet with your voltage tester.

Preventing Future Reversals

• Hire a Qualified Electrician: For complex electrical work or if you're unsure about any step, call a licensed electrician. They have the expertise and safety equipment to handle this correctly.
• Regular Inspections: Periodically inspect your electrical outlets for loose connections or damage.

Important Safety Precautions

• Always turn off the power at the breaker box before working with any electrical wiring. This is non-negotiable and crucial for your safety.
• Use appropriate safety equipment, including insulated screwdrivers and voltage testers.
• If you are unsure about any step, don't hesitate to call a qualified electrician. Electrical work is dangerous; professional help is worth the investment.

This guide provides instructions, but always prioritize safety. If you are uncomfortable working with electricity, it's best to consult a professional. Improper electrical work can lead to serious injury or property damage.