how to check heating element in hot water tank

Daniel Parker

3 min read

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15-01-2025

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Is your hot water lukewarm, or not heating up at all? The culprit might be a faulty heating element in your electric hot water tank. This article will guide you through how to check your hot water heater heating element, helping you diagnose the problem and potentially save on costly repair calls. Before beginning, always remember to turn off the power to the water heater at the breaker box for safety.

Understanding Your Hot Water Heater's Heating Element

Most electric water heaters use one or two heating elements. These elements are immersed in the water and convert electricity into heat. Over time, mineral deposits (scale) can build up on the element, reducing its efficiency and eventually causing failure. A faulty element might be the reason for your lukewarm showers.

Identifying Your Heating Element Type

There are two main types of heating elements:

• Lower Element: This is typically the larger element and is responsible for the initial heating of the water.
• Upper Element: This element, often smaller, kicks in once the water reaches a certain temperature, maintaining the desired temperature.

Knowing which element (or elements) you need to check will depend on your specific water heater model. Consult your owner's manual for specifics.

How to Check Your Hot Water Heater Heating Element: A Step-by-Step Guide

This guide focuses on checking the heating element's resistance using a multimeter. This is a relatively simple process, but if you're uncomfortable working with electricity, it's best to call a qualified plumber.

Tools You'll Need:

• Multimeter: This essential tool measures electrical resistance (ohms).
• Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead): For removing access panels and element connections.
• Pliers: To help with wire removal.
• Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from potential sparks.
• Gloves (optional): Provide an extra layer of protection.

Step 1: Safety First!

• Turn off the power to the water heater at the breaker box. This is crucial to avoid electrical shock.
• Allow the water heater to cool down completely before proceeding. Hot water can cause serious burns.

Step 2: Accessing the Heating Element(s)

• Locate the access panel on your water heater. This is usually found at the bottom of the tank.
• Carefully remove the access panel using the appropriate screwdriver.

Step 3: Testing with a Multimeter

• Set your multimeter to measure resistance (ohms). Consult your multimeter's instructions if you're unsure how to do this.
• Carefully disconnect the wires from the heating element terminals. Note which wire goes to which terminal.
• Place the multimeter probes on each terminal of the heating element. The reading on the multimeter will indicate the resistance in ohms.

Step 4: Interpreting the Results

• Normal Resistance: A normal heating element will have a resistance reading within a specific range. This range varies depending on the element's wattage and is typically listed on the element itself or in the owner's manual. Expect a reading between 10 and 20 ohms for a typical element, but consult your manual for the specific range of your element.
• Infinite Resistance (OL): This means there's an open circuit, indicating a broken heating element that requires replacement.
• Zero Resistance (0): This suggests a short circuit, also requiring element replacement. A short circuit is dangerous and needs immediate attention.

Step 5: Replacing the Heating Element (If Necessary)

If your multimeter reading indicates a faulty heating element, you'll need to replace it. This involves:

1. Removing the old element: Carefully unscrew the element from the tank.
2. Installing the new element: Insert the new element, ensuring a tight seal. Consult your owner’s manual or a professional for details.
3. Reconnecting the wires: Attach the wires to the new element’s terminals, matching them to their original positions.
4. Replacing the access panel: Secure the access panel.
5. Restoring power: Turn the power back on at the breaker box.

Troubleshooting: Other Potential Issues

Even if your heating element tests good, there might be other reasons for your water heater problems:

• Thermostat: A faulty thermostat may prevent the heating element from turning on. You can test this using a multimeter as well.
• Sediment Buildup: Excessive mineral deposits (scale) can impede heat transfer. Flushing the tank might resolve this.
• Anode Rod: The anode rod protects the tank from corrosion. A depleted rod can lead to tank failure.
• Leaking Tank: A cracked or leaking tank requires replacement.

Remember: If you are not comfortable performing these checks or repairs yourself, it's always best to contact a qualified plumber. A small investment in professional help could save you significant repair costs in the long run. Safety should always be your top priority when working with electricity and hot water.